There are two types of time dimensions that can be used in designing a research study.
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Cross-sectional research takes place at a single point in time.
- All tests, measures, or variables are administered to participants on one occasion.
- This type of research seeks to gather data on present conditions instead of looking at the effects of a variable over a period of time.
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Longitudinal research is a study that takes place over a period of time.
- Data is first collected at the outset of the study, and may then be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study.
- Some longitudinal studies may occur over a short period of time, such as a few days, while others may take place over a period of decades.
- The effects of aging are often investigated using longitudinal research.
