Ivan Pavlov Biography (1849-1936)

"Science demands from a man all his life. If you had two lives that would not be enough for you. Be passionate in your work and in your searching." - Ivan Pavlov

• Classical conditioning
• Research on physiology and digestion.
• 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology.

• Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born September 14, 1849
• He died on February 27, 1936

Ivan Pavlov was born in a small village in Ryazan, Russia, where his father was the village priest. His earliest studies were focused on theology, but reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of the Species had a powerful influence on his future interests. He soon abandoned his religious studies and devoted himself to the study of science. In 1870, he began studying the natural sciences at the University of Saint Petersberg.

Pavlov's primary interests were the study of physiology and natural sciences. He helped found the Department of Physiology at the Institute of Experimental Medicine and continued to oversee the program for the next 45 years.

While researching the digestive function of dogs, he noted his subjects would salivate before the delivery of food. In a series of well-known experiments, he presented a variety of stimuli before the presentation of food, eventually finding that, after repeated association, a dog would salivate to the presence of a stimulus other than food. He termed this response a conditional reflex. Pavlov also discovered that these reflexes originate in the cerebral cortex of the brain.

Pavlov received considerable acclaim for his work, including a 1901 appointment to the Russian Academy of Sciences and the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology. The Soviet government also offered substantial support for Pavlov's work, and the Soviet Union soon became a well-known center of physiology research.

While Ivan Pavlov was not a psychologist, and reportedly disliked the field of psychology altogether, his work had a major influence on the field, particularly on the development of behaviorism. His discovery and research on reflexes influenced the growing behaviorist movement, and his work was often cited in John B. Watson's writings. Other researchers utilized Pavlov's work in the study of conditioning as a form of learning. His research also demonstrated techniques of studying reactions to the environment in an objective, scientific method.

• Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
• Pavlov, I.P. Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes : Twenty-Five Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity Behavior of Animals.
• Pavlov, I. P. (1994) Psychopathology and Psychiatry.

• Todes, D.P. (2000) Ivan Pavlov.
• Oxford University Press.

_References

_{Anrep, G. V. (1936). Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. 1849-1936. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2 (5): 1?0. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1936.0001}

_{Ivan Pavlov - Biography. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html}

_{Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. Translated and Edited by G. V. Anrep. London: Oxford University Press.}

_{Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E (Eds.). (2012). A history of Modern Psychology. Australia Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.}