Alfred Binet Biography

"Some recent philosophers seem to have given their moral approval to these deplorable verdicts that affirm that the intelligence of an individual is a fixed quantity, a quantity that cannot be augmented. We must protest and react against this brutal pessimism; we will try to demonstrate that it is founded on nothing." - Alfred Binet, Les idées modernes sur les enfants, 1909

• Simon-Binet Intelligence Scale
• Stanford-Binet IQ Test

Alfred Binet was born July 8, 1857 in Nice.

Alfred Binet died on October 18, 1911.

Alfred Binet was born Alfredo Binetti. His father, a physician, and his mother, an artist, divorced when he was young and Binet then moved to Paris with his mother. After graduating from law school in 1878, Binet initially planned to follow in his father's footsteps and enroll in medical school. He began to study science at Sorbonne, but soon began educating himself in psychology by reading works by individuals such as Charles Darwin and John Stuart Mill.

Binet began working at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris under the guidance of John-Martin Charcot. Afterwards, he moved to a position at the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology where he was the associate director and researcher. In 1894, Binet was appointed the director of the lab and he remained in this position until his death in 1911.

Binet's early support of Charcot's research on hypnotism resulted in professional embarrassment when Charcot's ideas faltered under closer scientific evaluation. He soon turned his interest toward the study of development and intelligence, often basing his research on observations of his two daughters.

While Alfred Binet's interests were broad and quite diverse, he is most famously known for his work on the topic of intelligence. Binet was asked by the French government to develop a test to identify students with learning disabilities or who required special help in school. Binet and colleague Theodore Simon developed a series of tests designed to assess mental abilities. Rather than focus on learned information such as math and reading, Binet instead concentrated on other mental abilities such as attention and memory. The scale they developed became known as the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale.

Today, Alfred Binet is often cited as one of the most influential psychologists in history. While his intelligence scale serves as the basis for modern intelligence tests, Binet himself did not believe that his test measured a permanent or inborn degree of intelligence (Kamin, 1995). According to Binet, an individual's score can vary (Fancher, 1996) and suggested that factors such as motivation and other variables can play a role in test scores.

• Binet, A. (1916). New methods for the diagnosis of the intellectual level of subnormals. In E. S. Kite (Trans.), The development of intelligence in children. Vineland, NJ: Publications of the Training School at Vineland. (Originally published 1905 in L'Année Psychologique, 12, 191-244.).
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• Binet. A., & Simon, T. (1916). The development of intelligence in children. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins. (Reprinted 1973, New York: Arno Press; 1983, Salem, NH: Ayer Company).

_References

_{Fancher, R. (1996). Pioneers of psychology. (3rd ed.). New York: Norton.}

_{Kamin, L.J. (1995). The pioneers of IQ testing. In Russell Jacoby & Naomi Glauberman (Eds.), The Bell Curve debate: History, documents, opinions. New York: Times Books.}

_{Siegler, R. S. (1992). The other Alfred Binet. Developmental Psychology, 28, 179-190.}